 |
Focus on Natives
All around us are beautiful specimens
of plants, both in the natural and in urban
landscape. Many of the greatest treasures
are plants that are growing naturally
right outside your door. Here in Montana
the autumn hills are spotted with
the golden foliage of Larix occidentalis
(Western Larch) and Populus tremuloides
(Quaking Aspen) among the towering
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir), the riparian strips are filled with redleafed
Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon
Serviceberry) and Cornus sericea (Red
Osier Dogwood), while in the summer
months you may be lucky enough to
catch a glimpse of Montana’s native
orchid, Cypripedium montanum. These
spectacular plants are a few of the many
Native species that have value to both the
natural and urban landscapes.
What exactly are native plants? Native
or indigenous species are those that originate
from a certain geographical location
and have evolved to specifically grow
there. In North America, native species were the plants present before the arrival
of European settlers. Through natural
selection, these species had become
highly adapted to the specific regional
environmental and climatic conditions.Since these plants are naturally suited
for growth in specific regions around
the continent, there are many benefits to
planting natives that are not obtained by
planting introduced or exotic species.
Once established, native plants require
little to no supplementary applications of
pesticides, fertilizers, and water. Native
plants are able to survive without supplementing
staples needed by introduced species
because they have adapted to grow in
the regional conditions. Native plants may
have modified organs that aid in nutrient and water uptake and storage.
So how do you go about
finding native plant species to
plant? This may not be as easy
as finding a conventional
landscape plant, but there
are many resources. One
way to find good species to
use in your landscape is to take notice of
plant species that are naturally occurring
around you. Next time you are out for a
hike or a walk in the woods look at the
type of plants that are growing in your
area, especially an area that is similar to
your landscape. Though many species
may survive in the same vicinity, some
may be secluded to certain areas.
Different
aspects of mountains have different micro-environments.
The north and east exposures
are generally cooler and damper than the
south and west exposures on mountains in
the northern hemisphere. The same is also
true with elevation, different species occur
at different elevations. This is especially
apparent with
native species of
the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky
Mountains may seem like a relatively
homogenous landscape feature in the
middle of the country, but there are many
different ecosystems and microclimates
that are present throughout its vast
expanse covering eleven U.S. states and
Canadian provinces from New Mexico
to Alaska.
The mountains are comprised
of different zones with a corresponding
variety of flora. The oldest and simplest
method to distinguish separate floral
zones is by elevation. For instance,
the foothills of the Rocky Mountains
are lower elevation shrublands bridging the prairies and the treed montane zones. This zone,
though relatively similar in dominant species, has some
variations from the southern U.S. foothills to those
of the Canadian Rockies. Even within the elevation
zones, there are different areas of exposure and
moisture. A sample of native Rocky Mountain plants
(see table front page) indicates the different flora of the
different elevation zones, and how there are latitude
differences among these zones as well.
Another way
to classify plant distributions is by geographic areas,
primarily latitudinal. Starting from the Boreal region
in northern Canada, continuing south to the Central
region, the Southern Region, and the Madrean Region
in the southern U.S. Both ways of classifying the
Rocky Mountains will group plants together according
to similar environmental characteristics.
Besides your own observations of the surrounding
environment, another useful tool to find native plants
is your local extension office and your states’ native
plant society. Most states, if not all, have native
plant societies. These organizations provide valuable
information about local native plant species. They
also provide many organized outings, educational and
volunteer opportunities, and additional resources to
learn more about local native plants and the value they
provide.
Native plants are an ideal solution for new plantings
or landscape renovations, but remember that the trees
in place still play a valuable role in enriching our lives.
Be observant and cautious about what you plant.
| Small sample of native tree and shrub species of the Rocky Mountains |
| Foothills (2,250-5,500 ft.)* |
Mountain (5,500-9,000 ft.)* |
Subalpine (9,000-11,000 ft.)* |
| Southern US |
Southern US |
|
Pinus edulis Pinus ponderosa Quercus gambelii Cercocarpus montanus Pinus ponderosa |
Arctostaphylos uva-urs
Cercocarpus montanus
Juniperus communis
Pinus flexilis Sambucus racemosa Purshia tridentata |
Juniperus communis
Picea engelmannii
Pinus albicaulis
Pinus flexilis
Shepherdia canadensis |
|
| Northern US |
Northern US |
|
Acer grandidentatum
Amelanchier alnifolia
Cercocarpus sp.
Juniperus sp.
Prunus virginiana (shrubs) Quercus sp. (driver slopes) |
Abies concolor
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Cornus sericea
Juniperus communis
|
|
| *elevation ranges listed are generalities subject to change upon latitude |
|
| Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Native Range |
Category |
Form |
Zone |
Wildlife |
Drought |
Wet |
Alkaline |
Sweating |
Salt |
| ARCOTOSTAPHYLUS UVA-URSI |
Kinnikinnick or Bearberry |
North America |
Broadleaf |
Shrub |
2 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| CORNUS CANADENSIS |
Bunchberry |
North America |
broadeaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| CORNUS SERICEA |
Red Osier Dogwood |
North America |
broadeaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
| LONICERA INVOLUCRATA |
Twinberry |
North America |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| POPULUS TREMULOIDES |
Quaking Aspen |
North America |
broadeaf |
tree |
2 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| ROBINIA PSUEDOACCACIA |
Black Locust |
North America |
broadeaf |
tree |
3 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
| ROSA ACICULARIS |
Prickly Rose |
North America |
broadeaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| SALIX ERIOCEPHALA
|
Diamond Willow |
North America |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
3 |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
| SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS |
Snowberry |
North America |
broadeaf |
shrub |
3 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
| VIBURNUM TRILOBUM |
American Cranberry Bush |
North America |
broadeaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
| JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS |
Common Juniper |
North America |
conifer |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
xx |
x |
x |
|
x |
| LARIX LARICINA |
American Larch |
North America |
conifer |
tree |
4 |
|
|
xx |
|
|
|
| PICEA GLAUCA |
White Spruce |
North America |
conifer |
tree |
3 |
x |
|
xx |
|
|
x |
| PINUS BANKSIANA |
Jack Pine |
North America |
conifer |
tree |
2 |
x |
xx |
|
|
|
|
| ACER CIRCINATUM |
Vine Maple |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
5 |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
| ACER MACROPHYLLUM |
Bigleaf Maple |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
tree |
5 |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
| ALNUS RUBRA |
Red Alder |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
| BETULA NEOALASKA |
Yukon White Birch |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
tree |
1 |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
| BETULA OCCIDENTALIS |
Water Birch |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
| CORNUS NUTTALLII |
Pacific Dogwood |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
tree |
6 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| CRATAEGUS COLUMBIANA |
Columbia Hawthorn |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
3 |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
| FRAXINUS LATIFOLIA
|
Oregon Ash |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
tree |
6 |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
| GAULTHERIA SHALLON
|
Salal
Pacific |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
shrub |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| MAHONIA AQUIFOLIUM
|
Oregon Holly Grape |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| MAHONIA NERVOSA
|
Cascades Mahonia |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
shrub |
6 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| MALUS FUSCA
|
Pacific or Oregon Crabapple |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
6 |
x |
|
|
x |
x |
|
| OEMIERIA CERASIFORMIS
|
Indian Plum, Osoberry |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
6 |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
| PHYSOCARPUS CAPITATUS
|
Pacific Ninebark |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
5 |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
| SAMBUCUS MELANOCARPA
|
Blackbead Elderberry |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
tree |
6 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| SYMPHORICARPOS OCCIDENTALIS |
Wolfberry, Western Snowberry |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
shrub |
6 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| XEROPHYLLUM TENAX |
Bear Grass
Pacific |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
shrub |
5 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| ABIES GRANDIS
|
Grand Fir
Pacific |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
| ABIES MAGNIFICA ‘SHASTENS’
|
Shasta Red Fir |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
6 |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
| ABIES PROCERA
|
Noble Fir |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| CALOCEDRUS DECURRENS
|
Incense Cedar |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAMAECYPARIS LAWSONIANA
|
Port Orford Cedar |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
| PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII
|
West Coast Douglas Fir |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SEQUOIADENDRON GIGANTEUM
|
Giant Sequoia |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| THUJA PLICATA
|
Western Red Cedar |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
6 |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
| TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA
|
Western Hemlock |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TSUGA MERTENSIANA
|
Mountain Hemlock |
Pacific Northwest |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ACER GLABRUM
|
Rocky Mountain Maple |
Pacific Northwest |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
| ACER GRANDIDENTATUM |
Big Tooth Maple |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
tree |
3 |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
| AMELANCHIER ALNIFOLIA
|
Saskatoon Serviceberry |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
3 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
| ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA WYOMINGENSIS
|
Wyoming Big Sagebrush |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
| CEANOTHUS SANGUINEUS
|
Red Stem Ceanothus or Wild Lilac |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
5 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| CERCOPARPUS LEDIFOLIUS |
Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
3 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
| CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA
|
Western Virgin’s Bower |
Rocky Mountains
|
broadleaf |
vine |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CRATAEGUS DOUGLASII |
M
Douglas Hawthorn |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
| MAHONIA REPENS |
Creeping Mahonia |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| PHILADELPHUS LEWISII |
Wild Mock Orange |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| PURSHIA TRIDENTATA
|
Antelope Bitterbrush |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
| RIBES AUREUM
|
Golden Currant |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| ROSA NUTKANA
|
Nootka Rose |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
| ROSA WOODSII
|
Woods Rose |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
shrub |
3 |
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
| SALIX SCOULERIANA
|
Scouler Willow |
Rocky Mountains |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
5 |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
| SYMPHORICARPOS OREOPHILUS
|
Mountain Snowberry |
Rocky Mountains
|
broadleaf |
shrub |
6 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
| ABIES CONCOLOR
|
White Fir |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
| ABIES LASIOCARPA |
Sub Alpine Fir |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
3 |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
| ABIES LASIOCARPA ARIZONICA
|
Corkbark Fir |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
| JUNIPERUS OSTEOSPERMA
|
Utah Juniper |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
x |
xx |
|
|
|
|
| JUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM
|
Rocky Mountain Juniper |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
x |
xx |
|
|
|
|
| PICEA ENGELMANNII
|
Engelman Spruce |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
2 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| PICEA GLAUCA DENSATA
|
Black Hills Spruce |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
2 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| PICEA PUNGENS GLAUCA
|
Colorado Blue Spruce |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
2 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
| PINUS ARISTATA |
Bristlecone Pine |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| PINUS CONTORTA LATIFOLIA |
Rocky Mtn. Lodgepole Pine |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
x |
xx |
|
|
|
|
| PINUS EDULIS |
Pinyon Nut Pine |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| PINUS FLEXILIS
|
Limber Pine |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
2 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| PINUS MONTICOLA |
Western White Pine |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
5 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| PINUS PONDEROSA |
Western Yellow Pine |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
x |
xx |
|
|
|
|
| PINUS STROBIFORMIS
|
Southwestern White Pine |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII GLAUCA |
Blue Douglas Fir |
Rocky Mountains |
connifer |
tree |
4 |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
| CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS |
Common Hackberry |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
tree |
2 |
x |
x |
x |
|
xx |
|
| CRATAEGUS COCCINOIDES |
Kansas Hawthorn |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
large shrub small tree |
5 |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
| ELEAGNUS COMUTATA
|
Silverberry or Wolf Willow |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
tree |
2 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| PRUNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA |
Chickasaw Plum |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
large shrub small tree |
6 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
| PRUNUS BESSEYI
|
Sand Cherry, Hansen’s Bush Cherry |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
large shrub small tree |
3 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
| PRUNUS NIGRA ‘BOUNTY’
|
Bounty Plum |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
large shrub small tree |
3 |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
| PRUNUS VIRGINIANA
|
Chokecherry |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
large shrub small tree |
2 |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
| RHUS TRILOBATA |
Skunk Bush |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| SALIX EXIGUA |
Coyote Willow |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
large shrub small tree |
2 |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
| SALIX INTERIOR
|
Sandbar Willow |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
| SHEPHERDIA ARGENTEA
|
Silver Buffaloberry |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
shrub |
2 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| YUCCA GLAUCA |
Great Plains Yucca |
Great Plains/ Prairies |
broadleaf |
large shrub small tree |
3 |
|
xx |
|
|
|
|
Natives by Region |
| Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Native Range |
Category |
Form |
Zone |
Wildlife |
Drought |
Wet |
Alkaline |
Sweating |
Salt |
| ACER NEGUNDO |
Box Elder or Manitoba Maple |
Eastern Forests |
Broadleaf |
tree |
2 |
|
x |
|
x |
|
xx |
| ACER RUBRUM |
Red Maple |
Eastern Forests |
Broadleaf |
tree |
3 |
|
|
|
x |
|
xx |
| ACER SACCHARINUM |
Silver Maple |
Eastern Forests |
Broadleaf |
tree |
3 |
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
| ACER SACCHARUM |
Sugar Maple |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
| AECULUS HIPPOCASTANUM |
Horsechestnut |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
| AESCULUS PAVIA |
Red Buckeye |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
| AMELANCHIER ARBOREA |
Downy Serviceberry |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
| AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS |
Shadblow Serviceberry |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
3 |
x |
|
|
|
|
xx |
| AMELANCHIER LAEVIS |
Alleghany Serviceberry |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
| AMELANCHIER LAMARKI |
Lamarck Serviceberry |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
| AMELANCHIER X GRANDIFLORA |
Apple Serviceberry |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
| ARONIA MELANOCARPA |
Black Chokeberry |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
3 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| BETULA ALLEGHANIENSIS |
Yellow Birch |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
3 |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
| BETULA LENTA |
Sweet Birch |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
3 |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
| BETULA NIGRA |
River Birch |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| BETULA PAPYRIFERA |
Paper Birch |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
2 |
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
| BETULA POPULIFOLIA |
Gray Birch |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
| CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS |
Spicebush |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CASTANEA DENTATA |
Classic American Chestnut |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
5 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
| CELASTRUS SCANDENS |
American Bittersweet |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
vine |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
| CERCIS CANADENSIS |
Redbud |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
x |
| CORNUS AMOMUM |
Silky Dogwood |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
x |
| CORNUS FLORIDA |
Flowering Dogwood |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
| CORNUS RACEMOSA |
Gray Dogwood |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| CORYLUS AMERICANA
|
American Filbert |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
| CORYLUS CORNUTA |
Beaked Hazelnut |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
| CRATAEGUS ARNOLIDIANA |
Arnold Hawthorn |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
5 |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
xx |
| CRATAEGUS CRUS-GALLI
|
Cockspur Hawthorn |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
xx |
| CRATAEGUS PHAENOPYRUM |
Washington Hawthorn |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
4 |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
xx |
| DIERVILLA LONICERA |
Dwarf Bush Honeysuckle |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA |
American Persimmon |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
5 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
x |
| FRAXINUS AMERICANA |
White Ash |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
3 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
xx |
| FRAXINUS NIGRA |
Black Ash |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
2 |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
| FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA |
Green Ash |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
2 |
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
| CGLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS 'INERMIS' |
Thornless Honey Locust |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
| GYMNOCLADUS DIOICA
|
Kentucky Coffee Tree |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
| HALESIA TETRAPTERA |
Carolina Silverbell |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HAMAMELIS VERNALIS |
Vernal Witch Hazel |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
shrub |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA |
Common Witch Hazel |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
large shrub small tree |
3 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| ILEX VERTICILLATA |
Witnerberry Holly |
Eastern Forests |
connifer |
shrub |
3 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| JUGLANS CINEREA |
Butternut |
Eastern Forests |
connifer |
tree |
3 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| JGLANS NIGRA |
Black Walnut |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
x |
| LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA |
Tulip Tree |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
| MAMACLURA POMIFERA
|
Osage Orange |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
4 |
x |
xx |
|
x |
|
|
| MAMALUS CORONARIA |
American Crabapple |
Eastern Forests |
broadeaf |
tree |
5 |
x |
x |
|
|
xx |
|
| PARTHENOCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA |
Virginia Creeperc |
Eastern Forests | |